{"id":2059,"date":"2026-05-26T20:34:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T17:34:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/?p=2059"},"modified":"2026-05-31T21:29:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T18:29:19","slug":"3-1-2-atmosferdeki-tepkimeler-ve-kuresel-sorunlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/kimya-10\/surdurulebilirlik-kimya-10\/3-1-2-atmosferdeki-tepkimeler-ve-kuresel-sorunlar\/","title":{"rendered":"3.1.2. Atmosferdeki Tepkimeler ve K\u00fcresel Sorunlar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
\n
\n

DERS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u0130MYA 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. TEMA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00dcRD\u00dcR\u00dcLEB\u0130L\u0130RL\u0130K<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

KONU<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

3.1. Ye\u015fil Kimya, \u00c7evresel ve Ekolojik S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1.2. Atmosferdeki Tepkimeler ve K\u00fcresel Sorunlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Hava Kirlili\u011fi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
    \n
  • Canl\u0131lar\u0131 olumsuz etkileyen, do\u011fal dengeyi bozan, maddi zarara neden olabilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz h\u00e2lindeki maddelerin atmosferde normalden fazla miktarda bulunmas\u0131na hava kirlili\u011fi<\/strong> denir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
      \n
    • Hava kirlili\u011fi do\u011fal ve yapay olmak \u00fczere iki kaynaktan olu\u015fur.\n
        \n
      • Do\u011fal kaynaklar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • Yanarda\u011f faaliyetleri<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u00c7\u00f6l tozlar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • A\u00e7\u0131k arazideki hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Yapay kaynaklar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • Ev ve i\u015f yerlerindeki \u0131s\u0131tma sistemleri<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Ula\u015f\u0131m<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Sanayi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n
              \n
            • Hava kirlili\u011fine neden olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca maddeler:<\/strong>\n
                \n
              • K\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Azot oksitler<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Partik\u00fcl maddeler<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Karbon monoksit<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Atmosferin alt katman\u0131nda olu\u015fan ozondur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                \n

                Atmosferi Kirleten Tepkimeler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
                \n
                  \n
                • C(k)<\/sub> + O2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 CO2(g)<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • S(k)<\/sub> + O2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 SO2(g)<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • C(k)<\/sub> + 1\/2O2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 CO(g)<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131 sonucu i\u00e7eri\u011finde yer alan maddeler karbon dioksit, k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit, karbon monoksit gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli gazlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    Tepkimenin sebep oldu\u011fu \u00f6rnek olay:<\/h3>\n\n\n
                    \n
                    \"Havay\u0131<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    Ozon Azal\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                    \n
                      \n
                    • Atmosferin stratosfer tabakas\u0131ndaki ozon, G\u00fcne\u015f taraf\u0131ndan sal\u0131nan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Do\u011fal yollarla ozon \u00fcretimi ve t\u00fcketimi denge h\u00e2lindedir.\n
                        \n
                      • Bu nedenle ozon deri\u015fimi sabit kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • Brom ve klor i\u00e7eren kimyasallar stratosferdeki ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131 tahrip eder.\n
                            \n
                          • Kloroflorokarbonlar (CFC t\u00fcrleri), metil brom\u00fcr gibi kimyasal maddeler, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle par\u00e7alanarak Cl\u2022 ve Br\u2022 radikalerini olu\u015fturur.\n
                              \n
                            • Bu radikaller ozon (O3<\/sub>) molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc par\u00e7alar, O2<\/sub> molek\u00fcl\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                              \"Ozon-tabakas\u0131n\u0131n-\u0130ncelmesi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                              \n

                              Asit Ya\u011fmurlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                              \n
                                \n
                              • Ya\u011fmur suyunun pH de\u011feri yakla\u015f\u0131k 5,6 civar\u0131nda olup hafif asidik \u00f6zelliktedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131, sanayile\u015fme ve h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucu pH de\u011feri 5,6\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar, asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • Ya\u011fmur suyunun asitli\u011fine neden olan gazlar karbon dioksit, k\u00fck\u00fcrt oksitler ve azot oksitlerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                • Asit ya\u011fmuru tepkimeleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong>\n
                                    \n
                                  • CO2(g)<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O(g)<\/sub> \u2192 H2<\/sub>CO3(suda)<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • N2<\/sub>O5(g)<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O(s)<\/sub> \u2192 2HNO3(suda)<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • SO3(g)<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O(s)<\/sub> \u2192 H2<\/sub>SO4(suda)<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                    \"Asit-ya\u011fmurlar\u0131\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n

                                    Asit Ya\u011fmurlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                    \n
                                      \n
                                    • H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> Ya\u011fmuru:<\/strong>\n
                                        \n
                                      • Volkanik olaylar ve fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu atmosferde biriken SOx gazlar\u0131 havadaki su buhar\u0131 ile birle\u015fir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • Bitki ve ormanlara zarar verir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                                        \n
                                        \"Asit<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n
                                          \n
                                        • HNO3<\/sub> Ya\u011fmuru<\/strong>\n
                                            \n
                                          • Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • Tarihi eserlere zarar verir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                                            \n
                                            \"Asit<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                            \n

                                            Sera Etkisi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                            \n
                                            \n
                                              \n
                                            • Atmosferde fazla miktarda biriken CO2<\/sub> ve baz\u0131 gazlar (CFC t\u00fcrleri, CH4<\/sub>, NOx<\/sub>, N2<\/sub>O, su buhar\u0131) D\u00fcnya\u2019dan uzaya yay\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n) bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tutarak D\u00fcnya\u2019ya geri yans\u0131t\u0131r ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur.\n
                                                \n
                                              • Bu olaya sera etkisi<\/strong> denir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • Sera etkisi sonucu D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ise k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilir.\n
                                                  \n
                                                • K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma buzullar\u0131n erimesine ve verimli topraklar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmesine neden olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • Sera etkisini belirli d\u00fczeyde tutmak i\u00e7in karbon dioksit emisyonu azalt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                  \n
                                                  \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                  \n

                                                  \u00c7evre Kirlili\u011fini \u00d6nlemek \u0130\u00e7in Yaplabilecekler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                  \n
                                                  \n
                                                    \n
                                                  • Fosil yak\u0131t yerine yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • Otomobillerde enerji elde etme, konutlarda \u0131s\u0131nma ve ayd\u0131nlatma i\u00e7in alternatif y\u00f6ntemler se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • Binalarda \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • Bacalar d\u00fczenli olarak temizlenmelidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131mlar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • Ula\u015f\u0131mda toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma tercih edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                    \n
                                                      \n
                                                    • G\u00fcbre ve tar\u0131msal ila\u00e7, yeterli miktarda ve bilin\u00e7li \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • End\u00fcstriyel tesisler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca yerle\u015fim yerlerinin uza\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • Ar\u0131tma tesisleri kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • \u00c7\u00f6p depolama alanlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • Ormanlar korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                      \n

                                                      \u00d6rnek:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                      \n
                                                      \n

                                                      A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki metni okuyarak sorular\u0131 cevaplay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Kloroflorokarbonlar (CFC); klor, karbon, flor atomlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren ve yan\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bile\u015fiklerdir. Atmosferde y\u00fcksek orandaki CFC t\u00fcrleri UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile klor atomlar\u0131na par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Bu CFC t\u00fcrlerinin UV ile par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 sonucu tek bir klor atomu olu\u015fur. Sal\u0131nan bir klor atomu zincirleme reaksiyonla binlerce ozonu yok edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Bu durum ozon incelmesi olarak isimlendirilir. \u0130nsan faaliyetleri nedeniyle atmosferdeki miktar\u0131 artan CFC t\u00fcrleri, bromotriflorometan gibi kimyasal maddeler UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile par\u00e7alanarak klor ve brom atomlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n

                                                      a) Az miktardaki CFC t\u00fcrlerinin ozon tabakas\u0131 \u00fczerinde neden bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011fuyla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinizi yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      b) Ozon tabakas\u0131na zarar veren kirleticilere ve kirleticilerin kaynaklar\u0131na \u00f6rnekler veriniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      c) Bireylerin hava kalitesini iyile\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntem yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n

                                                      \u00d6rnek:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                      \n
                                                      \n

                                                      A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki metni okuyarak sorular\u0131 cevaplay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Azot oksitler (NOx) y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7larda ve hidrokarbonlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan gazlard\u0131r. End\u00fcstride \u00f6nemli bir ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. NO, araba motorlar\u0131 ve elektrik santralleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilerek atmosfere yay\u0131l\u0131r. Jet motorlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle s\u00fcpersonik u\u00e7aklar\u0131n motorlar\u0131 stratosferde NO miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n

                                                      a) Hangi b\u00f6lgelerde hava kirlili\u011fi daha fazlad\u0131r? Nedenlerini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      b) Havay\u0131 temiz tutmakla ilgili ak\u0131lda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir slogan yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n

                                                      \u00d6rnek:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                      \n
                                                      \n

                                                      A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki metni okuyarak sorular\u0131 cevaplay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, karbonun atmosferden D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ve sonra tekrar atmosfere s\u00fcrekli hareket etti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Karbon; kayalarda, tortularda, okyanusta ve canl\u0131 organizmalarda depolan\u0131r. Karbon; bitkiler ve hayvanlar \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, volkanlar patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve fosil yak\u0131tlar yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda atmosfere geri sal\u0131n\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc, karbonun gezegen \u00fczerindeki dengesini korur ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi \u00f6nemli \u00e7evresel sorunlarla m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Ancak do\u011fadaki karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi bir\u00e7ok unsuru etkiler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n

                                                      a) Atmosferdeki karbon dioksit art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma \u00fczerindeki etkisini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      b) Atmosferdeki karbon dioksit art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma \u00fczerindeki etkisini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      c) Atmosferdeki hava kirlili\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 karbon ve karbon monoksidin olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ne olabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                      \"\"<\/span>
                                                      \n

                                                      3.1. Ye\u015fil Kimya, \u00c7evresel ve Ekolojik S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      3.1.2. Atmosferdeki Tepkimeler ve K\u00fcresel Sorunlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Bitti \ud83d\ude41<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                      DERS K\u0130MYA 10 3. TEMA S\u00dcRD\u00dcR\u00dcLEB\u0130L\u0130RL\u0130K KONU 3.1. Ye\u015fil Kimya, \u00c7evresel ve Ekolojik S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik 3.1.2. Atmosferdeki Tepkimeler ve K\u00fcresel Sorunlar Hava Kirlili\u011fi Atmosferi Kirleten Tepkimeler Tepkimenin sebep oldu\u011fu \u00f6rnek olay: Ozon Azal\u0131m\u0131 Asit Ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 Asit Ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 Sera Etkisi \u00c7evre Kirlili\u011fini \u00d6nlemek \u0130\u00e7in Yaplabilecekler \u00d6rnek: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki metni okuyarak sorular\u0131 cevaplay\u0131n\u0131z. Kloroflorokarbonlar (CFC); klor, karbon, flor atomlar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"dcnnt-slider-with-pen-tool.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-surdurulebilirlik-kimya-10"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2059"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2128,"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2059\/revisions\/2128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dersegeldim.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}